Research Overview

研究概要

Our group aims to discover the basic principles underlying biological phenomena by elucidating the molecular mechanisms that process cellular information (genomic DNA) into cellular properties and functions. We are studying cell fate conversion processes, including those in iPSC induction and organism aging, as research targets. We study these processes by an integrative analysis of multi-hierarchical DNA and RNA regulatory systems. Our methods include molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, genome-wide analyses and bioinformatics techniques.

Research content

研究内容

Higher-order chromatin structures

染色体高次構造制御

To understand genomic information comprehensively, we should know not only the primary genomic DNA sequences, but also the arrangements of these sequences in the three-dimensional space of the nucleus. Our group has developed ms4C-seq, a technique that can identify chromatin interactions with high accuracy at several tens of genomic loci simultaneously (Ikeda et al., Nature Communications 2017). By integrative analyses of the chromatin interaction data obtained from ms4C-seq and chromatin nuclear arrangement data, we have demonstrated that developmental gene loci tend to colocalize in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and that this colocalization requires epigenetic modifiers which are essential regulatory factors for the maintenance of transcriptionally poised developmental genes (Ikeda et al., Nature Communications 2017). Now, we are trying to identify crucial chromatin interactions for PSCs in gene desert regions by using ms4C-seq.

Epigenetic regulation

エピジェネティック制御

Our group has performed analyzed several aspects of epigenetic regulation including histone modification and DNA methylation (Yamashiro et al., Science 2018, Ohnishi et al., Cell 2014). For example, in collaboration with Prof. Yamada (Tokyo University), by performing allele-specific comprehensive DNA methylation analysis, we have succeeded in deriving ground-state female ESCs while maintaining gamete-derived DNA methylation (Yagi et al., Nature 2017). Now, we are studying genome imprinting regulation during somatic cell reprogramming and the DNA methylation mechanism in iPSCs.

Transcriptional regulation

転写制御

We have shown that when transduced with the Yamanaka factors into murine fibroblasts, two transcription factors (TFs), Zic3 and Esrrb, synergistically enhance the reprogramming efficiency by more than one order of magnitude compared to the Yamanaka factors alone (Sone et al., Cell Metabolism 2017). Further, we discovered that these TFs cooperatively activate glycolytic metabolism during the reprogramming. At the same time, they antagonistically regulate OXPHOS, with Zic3 repressing OXPHOS and Esrrb activating it. Therefore, when introduced with Zic3, Esrrb restores OXPHOS activity, a phenomenon we found essential for efficient reprogramming. Overall, this study suggests that the combinatorial function of TFs achieves an appropriate balance of metabolic pathways to induce naive PSCs.

Post-transcriptional regulation

転写後修飾制御

We have performed transcriptome analysis and identified more than 500 genes whose splicing patterns are changed during somatic cell reprogramming (Ohta et al., Cell Reports 2013). We also showed that somatic splicing profiles revert to pluripotent ones during reprogramming and that changes in the splicing pattern occur stepwise at particular stages in reprogramming. Furthermore, our siRNA screening and biochemical experiments demonstrated that two RNA-binding proteins, U2af1 and Srsf3, play a role in somatic cell reprogramming. Now, by using methods to identify RNA secondary structures comprehensively, we are studying the relationship between RNA secondary structures and post-transcriptional regulation and the effects of RNA secondary structures on protein translational regulation.

Translational regulation

翻訳制御

In collaboration with Prof. Yamanaka (CiRA), we performed a ribosomal profiling that helped identify genes whose translation differs in normal and NAT1 (a translation-initiation factor) knockout ESCs and elucidated the mechanism for how NAT1 mediates protein translation in mouse PSCs (Sugiyama et al., Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2017).

Main equipment

主要設備 (共通機器)

  1. HiSeq2500, cBot

    This equipment is for the analyses of mutations, RNA secondary structures, DNA methylation, etc.

  2. NextSeq 500

    This equipment is for RNA-seq, SC3-seq, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, iCLIP, ribosome profiling, etc.

  3. MiSeq

    This equipment is for Amplicon-seq, TargetRNA-seq, smallRNA-seq, library QC, etc.